Fistula Surgery in India

A fistula is an abnormal internal connection between any two parts of human body. It may develop between esophagus and wind pipe, or bowel and vagina. It can also be seen between two arteries, two blood vessels or a single artery and vein. Mostly, people are born with fistulas are treated with antibiotics and Fistula surgery. However, some complications during surgeries, injuries and certain rare diseases like Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis may lead to development of fistula after birth.

When the location is unspecified, the word fistula generally refers to ano-rectal fistula. For surgical repair of fistula, general anesthesia is usually required. The surgeon may do a fistulogram (X-Ray of fistula using a contrast dye) to determine the exact location and extent of the fistula. Patient is positioned to lie down on their back so that the anal region is accessible. The fistula is located and repaired by sealing the abnormal openings.

After surgery, the patient may have to follow a strict diet in order to avoid undue stress to the digestive system. Stool habits may be altered for a few days, but that returns to normal in sometime after surgery. If patient experiences any other complaint post surgery, it is advisable to consult the surgeon.

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Children born with fistulas need to be treated immediately because they become life threatening. Affected children feel extreme difficulty in swallowing food and fluids resulting in complete inability of eating and digesting. Due to these problems, patients are given the required amount of food and fluids through veins.

Prior to Fistula surgery, an endotrachea/trachestomyl tube is placed in the area where the fistula is present to prevent flow of toxic contents into lungs. The child is also put under mechanical ventilation and suction.

Mostly patients who undergo fistula surgery as infants will need to opt for a second operation in their teens. This helps to develop sufficient opening of esophagus to make smooth flow of food through it and thereby reach stomach. Some heartburn problems may persist after surgery that can be taken care of with proper medication.